Hundreds of thousands of students are ‘missing’ from the school system after failing to enroll when the COVID pandemic sent students home for remote learning.
An analysis conducted by Stanford University staff and The Associated Press found an estimated 230,000 students in 21 states whose absences could not be accounted for.
‘Missing’ students received crisis-level attention in 2020 after the pandemic closed schools nationwide. These students didn’t move out of state, and they didn’t sign up for private school or home-school, according to publicly available data.
Findings revealed families avoided school for a range of reasons, including continued fear of COVID-19, homelessness, and depression.
Some students also left the country, or couldn’t study online and found jobs instead.
Along with AP, the analysis was conducted with Stanford University’s Big Local News project and Stanford education professor Thomas Dee. The analysis originally claimed 240,000 students were ‘missing’ but has since been updated to 230,000.
The states analyzed, include: California, Colorado, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Massachusetts, Minnesota, Montana, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Washington and Wisconsin.
The real tally of young people not receiving an education is likely far greater than the 230,000 figure calculated by the AP and Stanford.
Overall, public school enrollment fell by over 700,000 students between the 2019-20 and 2021-22 school years in the 21 states plus Washington, D.C., that provided the necessary data.
Those states saw private-school enrollment grow by over 100,000 students. Home-schooling grew even more, surging by more than 180,000.
But the data showed 230,000 students who were neither in private school nor registered for home-school. Their absences could not be explained by population loss, either – such as falling birth rates or families who moved out of state.
States where kindergarten is optional were more likely to have larger numbers of unaccounted-for students, suggesting the missing also include many young learners kept home instead of starting school.
California alone showed over 150,000 missing students in the data, and New York had nearly 60,000. Census estimates are imperfect. So AP and Stanford ran a similar analysis for pre-pandemic years in those two states. It found almost no missing students at all, confirming something out of the ordinary occurred during the pandemic.
The true number of missing students is likely much higher. The analysis doesn’t include data from 29 states, including Texas and Illinois, or the unknown numbers of ghost students who are technically enrolled but rarely make it to class.
Gone is the urgency to find the students who left – those eligible for free public education but who are not receiving any schooling at all.
Early in the pandemic, school staff went door-to-door to reach and reengage kids. Most such efforts have ended.
‘Everyone is talking about declining enrollment, but no one is talking about who’s leaving the system and why,’ Tom Sheppard, a New York City parent and representative on the city’s Panel for Educational Policy, said.
‘No one,’ he said, ‘is forthcoming.’
The missing kids identified by AP and Stanford represent far more than a number. The analysis highlights thousands of students who may have dropped out of school or missed out on the basics of reading and school routines in kindergarten and first grade.
‘That’s the stuff that no one wants to talk about,’ said Sonja Santelises, the chief executive officer of Baltimore’s public schools, speaking about her fellow superintendents.
‘We want to say it’s outside stuff’ that’s keeping kids from returning to school, she said, such as caring for younger siblings or the need to work. But she worries teens sometimes lack caring adults at school who can discuss their concerns about life.
‘That’s really scary,’ Santelises said.
Many of these students, while largely absent from class, are still officially on school rosters. That makes it harder to truly count the number of missing students.
For some students, it was impossible to overcome losing the physical connection with school and teachers during the pandemic’s school closures.
José Escobar, an immigrant from El Salvador, had only recently enrolled in the 10th grade in Boston Public Schools when the campus shut down in March 2020.
His school-issued laptop didn’t work, and because of bureaucratic hurdles, the district didn’t issue a new one for several weeks.
Escobar’s father stopped paying their phone bills after losing his restaurant job. Without any working technology for months, he never logged into remote classes.
When instruction resumed online that fall, he decided to walk away and find work as a prep cook. ‘I can’t learn that way,’ he said in Spanish. At 21, he’s still eligible for school in Boston, but says he’s too old for high school and needs to work to help his family.
Another Boston student became severely depressed during online learning and was hospitalized for months.
Back home, he refuses to attend school or leave his room despite visits from at least one teacher. When his mother asked him about speaking to a reporter, he cursed her out.
These are all students who have formally left school and have likely been erased from enrollment databases. Many others who are enrolled are not receiving an education.
In Los Angeles last year, nearly half of students were chronically absent, meaning they missed more than 10 percent of the school year.
For students with disabilities, the numbers are even higher: According to district data, 55 percent missed at least 18 school days.
It’s not clear how many students were absent more than that. The city’s Unified School District did not respond to requests for this data.
Los Angeles officials have spoken openly about attempts to find unschooled students and help remove obstacles that are preventing them from coming to school.
Laundry services have been offered, as has help with housing. But for some students and their parents, the problem sits within a school system they say has routinely failed their children.
‘Parents are bereft,’ said Allison Hertog, who represents around three dozen families whose children missed significant learning when California’s physical classrooms closed for more than a year during the early pandemic.
The findings also found that during the prolonged online learning, some students fell so far behind developmentally and academically that they no longer knew how to behave or learn at school.
Ezekiel West, 10, is in fourth grade but reads at a first grade level. Before the pandemic shutdowns, he was shuffled from school to school when educators couldn’t address his impulsive behavior.
During online learning, his mother couldn’t get home internet and struggled with the WiFi hotspots provided by the school. She worked as a home health aide and couldn’t monitor Ezekiel online.
When he returned to school in fall 2021 as a third grader, he was frustrated that his classmates had made more progress as the years passed.
‘I did not feel prepared,’ he said in a recent phone interview. ‘I couldn’t really learn as fast as the other kids, and that kind of made me upset.’
An administrative judge ruled Los Angeles´ schools had violated Ezekiel’s rights and ordered the district to give him a spot at a new school, with a special plan to ease him back into learning and trusting teachers.
The school didn’t follow the plan, so his mother stopped sending him in October.
‘I can’t trust them,’ Miesha Clarke said. Los Angeles school officials did not respond to requests for comment on Ezekiel’s case.
Last month, Ezekiel signed up for a public online school for California students. To enroll him, his mother agreed to give up his special education plan.
His attorney, Hertog, worries the program won’t work for someone with Ezekiel’s needs and is looking for yet another option with more flexibility.
At least three of the students Hertog has represented, including Ezekiel, have disappeared from school for long periods since in-person instruction resumed.
Their situations were avoidable, she said: ‘It’s pretty disgraceful that the school systems allowed this to go on for so long.’
Kailani Taylor-Cribb vanished from Cambridge, Massachusetts´ public school roll in 2021 and has been, from an administrative standpoint, unaccounted for since then.
Taylor-Cribb hasn’t taken a single class in what used to be her high school since the height of the coronavirus pandemic.
She is among hundreds of thousands of students around the country who disappeared from public schools during the pandemic and didn’t resume their studies elsewhere.
While the report focuses on students disappearing due to the pandemic, in some cases, students were struggling well before the pandemic descended.
Taylor-Cribb, for one, had begun to feel alienated at her school. In ninth grade, a few months before the pandemic hit, she was unhappy at home and had been moved to a different math class because of poor grades.
She has ADHD and says the white teaching assistant assigned to help her focus in her new class targeted her because she was Black, blaming Taylor-Cribb when classmates acted up.
The teaching assistant also didn’t allow Taylor-Cribb to use her headphones while working independently in class, something Taylor-Cribb says was permitted in her special education plan to help her focus.
After that, Taylor-Cribb stopped attending math. Instead, she cruised the hallways or read in the library.
Ultimately, the pandemic and at-home education relieved the anxiety Taylor-Cribb felt from being in the school building. Taylor-Cribb preferred online school because she could turn off her camera and engage as she chose. Her grades improved.
When the school reopened, she never returned.
When Taylor-Cribb stopped logging into her virtual classes during the spring of her sophomore year, she received several emails from the school telling her she’d been truant. Between two to four weeks after she disappeared from Zoom school, her homeroom advisor and Spanish teacher each wrote to her, asking where she was.
And the school’s dean of students called her great-grandmother, her legal guardian, to inform her about Taylor-Cribb’s disappearance from school.
They didn’t communicate further, according to Taylor-Cribb. She went to work at Chipotle, ringing up orders in Boston’s financial district.
In December, Taylor-Cribb moved to North Carolina to make a new start. She teaches dance to elementary school kids now. Last month, she passed her high school equivalency exams. She wants to take choreography classes.
But she knows, looking back, that things could have been different. While she has no regrets about leaving high school, she says she might have changed her mind if someone at school had shown more interest and attention to her needs and support for her as a Black student.
‘All they had to do was take action,’ Taylor-Cribb said. ‘There were so many times they could have done something. And they did nothing.’
A Cambridge schools spokesperson looked into Taylor-Cribb’s complaints. ‘Several individuals demonstrated great concern and compassion towards her and the challenges she was facing outside of school,’ Sujata Wycoff said.
She said the district has a ‘reputation of being deeply dedicated to the education and well-being of our students.’
Source: Staggering 230,000 students in 21 states are ‘missing’ from the school system (msn.com)
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